About 38000 results for ‘18th century’
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18th century
The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar. During the 18th century, the Enlightenment culminated in the French and American revolutions. Philosophy and science increased in prominence. Philosophers dreamed of a brighter age. This dream turned into a reality with the French Revolution, although it was later compromised by excess of the terror of Maximilien Robespierre. At first, the monarchies of Europe embraced Enlightenment ideals, but with the French Revolution they feared losing their power and joined wide coalitions with the counter-revolution. The Ottoman Empire was undergoing a protracted decline, as it failed to keep up with the technological advances in Europe. The Tulip period symbolized a period of peace and reorientation towards European society, after victory against a burgeoning Russian Empire in the Pruth River Campaign. Throughout the century various reforms were introduced with limited success. The 18th century also marked the end of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth as an independent state. The once powerful and vast kingdom, that was once able to conquer Moscow and defeat the great Ottoman armies, collapsed under numerous invasions. Its semi-democratic government system was not efficient enough to rival the neighbouring monarchies of Prussia, Russia and Austria who divided the Commonwealth territories among them, changing the landscape of Central European politics for the next hundred years. Great Britain became a major power worldwide with the defeat of France in the Americas, in the 1760s and the conquest of large parts of India. However, Britain lost much of its North American colonies after the American Revolution, which was actively helped by the French. The industrial revolution started in Britain around 1770s with the production of the improved steam engine. Despite its modest beginnings in the 18th century, it would radically change human society and the environment. Western historians have occasionally defined the 18th century otherwise for the purposes of their work. For example, the "short" 18th century may be defined as 1715–1789, denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution with an emphasis on directly interconnected events. To historians who expand the century to include larger historical movements, the "long" 18th century may run from the Glorious Revolution of 1688 to the battle of Waterloo in 1815 or even later.
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- moule à pain de sucre
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- Date:
- 18th century
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- Field(s):
- Ethnology
- Handicraft
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- Designation:
- moule à pain de sucre
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- Date:
- 18th century
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- Field(s):
- Ethnology
- Handicraft
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- Designation:
- moule à pain de sucre
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- Date:
- 18th century
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- Field(s):
- Ethnology
- Handicraft
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- Designation:
- moule à pain de sucre
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- Portrayed subject:
- Fleur-de-lis
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- Date:
- 18th century
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- Field(s):
- Ethnology
- Handicraft
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- Designation:
- moule à pain de sucre
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- Date:
- 18th century
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- Designation:
- sautoir
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- Portrayed subject:
- Christian cross
- Flower
- Leaf
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- Date:
- 18th century
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- Designation:
- sautoir
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- Portrayed subject:
- Christian cross
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- Date:
- 18th century
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- Field(s):
- Ethnology
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- Designation:
- baratte à agitateur vertical
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- Date:
- 18th century
- 19th century
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Netsuké en bois polychrome représentant un masque de tengu
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- Portrayed subject:
- Hybrid (biology)
- Mask
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- Date:
- 18th century
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- Field(s):
- East Asia
- Ethnology
- Recreation
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- Designation:
- poupée
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- Portrayed subject:
- Folk dance
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- Date:
- 18th century
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Netsuké en bois représentant un oni piqué par une guêpe
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- Portrayed subject:
- Hybrid (biology)
- Wasp
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- Date:
- 18th century
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Netsuké en ivoire représentant un haricot et des coquilla...
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- Portrayed subject:
- Bivalvia
- Phaseolus vulgaris
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- Date:
- 18th century
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SAINTE CATHERINE (titre inscrit)
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- Field(s):
- Ethnology
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- Portrayed subject:
- Catherine of Alexandria
- Flower
- Plant stem
- Sword
- Wheel
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- Date:
- 18th century
- 19th century
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REGINA ANGELORUM (titre inscrit)
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- Field(s):
- Ethnology
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- Portrayed subject:
- Angel
- Crown (headgear)
- Holy Spirit
- Mary (mother of Jesus)
- Palmette
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- Date:
- 18th century
- 19th century
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NOTRE DAME DES SEPT DOULEURS (titre inscrit)
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- Field(s):
- Ethnology
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- Portrayed subject:
- Crown (headgear)
- Palmette
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- Date:
- 18th century
- 19th century
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HISTOIRE / ET / CANTIQUE DE JUDITH. (titre inscrit)
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- Field(s):
- Ethnology
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- Portrayed subject:
- City
- Decapitation
- Holofernes
- Israel
- Jordan
- Serviceman
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- Date:
- 18th century
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LALIBERTE (titre inscrit)
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- Field(s):
- Ethnology
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- Portrayed subject:
- Allegory
- Bonnet (headgear)
- Crown (headgear)
- Dragon
- Flower
- Liberty
- …
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- Date:
- 18th century
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L'EGALITE (titre inscrit)
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- Field(s):
- Ethnology
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- Portrayed subject:
- Allegory
- Breast
- Flower
- Measuring instrument
- Sitting
- Try square
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- Date:
- 18th century
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