About 200 results for ‘Crusades’
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Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious expeditionary wars blessed by the Pope and the Catholic Church, with the stated goal of restoring Christian access to the holy places in and near Jerusalem. The Crusades were originally launched in response to a call from the leaders of the Byzantine Empire for help to fight the expansion into Anatolia of Muslim Seljuk Turks who had cut off Christian access to Jerusalem, and were also sparked by the destruction of many Christian sacred sites and the persecution of Christians under the Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim. The crusaders comprised military units of Roman Catholics from all over western Europe, and were not under unified command. The main series of Crusades, primarily against Muslims in the Levant, occurred between 1095 and 1291. Historians have given many of the earlier crusades numbers. After some early successes, the later crusades failed and the crusaders were defeated and forced to return home. Several hundred thousand soldiers became Crusaders by taking vows; the Pope granted them plenary indulgence. Their emblem was the cross — the term "crusade" is derived from the French term for taking up the cross. Many were from France and called themselves "Franks," which became the common term used by Muslims. At the time Christianity had not yet divided into the large number of geographically intermingled branches later formed, the (western) Roman Catholic and (eastern) Byzantine Orthodox churches being the main groups; the Crusaders simply considered themselves to be "Christian" rather than "Catholic" or "Orthodox". The term "crusade" is also used to describe religiously motivated campaigns conducted between 1100 and 1600 in territories outside the Levant usually against pagans, heretics, and peoples under the ban of excommunication for a mixture of religious, economic, and political reasons. Rivalries among both Christian and Muslim powers led also to alliances between religious factions against their opponents, such as the Christian alliance with the Islamic Sultanate of Rûm during the Fifth Crusade. The Crusades had major political, economic, and social impact on western Europe. It resulted in substantially weakening of the Christian Byzantine Empire, which fell several centuries later to the Muslim Turks. The Reconquista, a long period of wars in Spain and Portugal where Christian forces reconquered the peninsula from Muslims who had captured, is closely tied to the Crusades. In modern usage the term "crusade", or "crusade against... ", is often used metaphorically to refer to any idealistically- or ideologically-motivated campaign without religious connotations, as in "Crusade Against Cancer".
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ARMIDE CHARMANT LES ANIMAUX
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- Field(s):
- Drawing
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- Portrayed subject:
- Column
- Crusades
- Individual
- Lion
- Magic (paranormal)
- Snake
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- Date:
- 17th century
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- Artist(s):
- Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres
ROGER DELIVRANT ANGELIQUE
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- Field(s):
- Painting
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- Date:
- 19th century
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Roger délivrant Angélique
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- Field(s):
- Painting
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- Portrayed subject:
- Armour
- Crusades
- Hippogriff
- Spear
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- Date:
- 19th century
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- Artist(s):
- Anthony van Dyck
RENAUD ET L'ENCHANTERESSE ARMIDE
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- Field(s):
- Painting
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- Portrayed subject:
- Crusades
- Deciduous
- Magic (paranormal)
- Nudity
- Observation
- Putto
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- Date:
- 17th century
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LEVEE DU SIEGE DE SALERNE.VERS 1016
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- Portrayed subject:
- Bow and arrow
- City
- Crusades
- Fortification
- Salerno
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- Date:
- 19th century
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- Artist(s):
- Merry-Joseph Blondel
ROBERT GUISCARD, DUC DE POUILLE ET DE CALABRE (V.1015-1085)
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- Field(s):
- Painting
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- Date:
- 19th century
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BATAILLE DE CIVITELLA.18 JUIN 1053
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- Portrayed subject:
- Crusades
- Pope
- Pope Leo IX
- Respect
- Serviceman
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- Date:
- 19th century
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- Artist(s):
- Merry-Joseph Blondel
BOHEMOND 1ER, PRINCE D'ANTIOCHE (?-1108)
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- Field(s):
- Painting
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- Portrayed subject:
- Bohemond I of Antioch
- Crusades
- Mail (armour)
- Man
- Sword
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- Date:
- 19th century
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- Artist(s):
- Merry-Joseph Blondel
EUDES 1ER, DIT BOREL, DUC DE BOURGOGNE (?-1102)
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- Field(s):
- Painting
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- Portrayed subject:
- Crusades
- Man
- Odo I, Duke of Burgundy
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- Date:
- 19th century
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ALEXIS COMNENE RECOIT A CONSTANTINOPLE PIERRE L'ERMITE.1096
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- Portrayed subject:
- Alexios I Komnenos
- Crucifix
- Crusades
- Hermit
- Serviceman
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- Date:
- 19th century
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PASSAGE DU BOSPHORE.1097
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- Portrayed subject:
- Alexios I Komnenos
- Bosphorus
- Crusades
- Godfrey of Bouillon
- Sailing ship
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- Date:
- 19th century
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BATAILLE SOUS LES MURS DE NICEE.1097
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- Portrayed subject:
- Arms industry
- Crusades
- Fortification
- Iznik
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- Date:
- 19th century
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BAUDOIN S'EMPARE DE LA VILLE D'EDESSE.1097
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- Portrayed subject:
- Baldwin I of Jerusalem
- Banner
- Bishop
- Crowd
- Crusades
- Mail (armour)
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- Date:
- 19th century
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COMBAT DE ROBERT, DUC DE NORMANDIE, AVEC UN GUERRIER SARR...
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- Portrayed subject:
- Combat
- Crusades
- Fortification
- Horse
- Spear
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- Date:
- 19th century
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- Artist(s):
- Louis Gallait
PRISE D'ANTIOCHE.3 JUIN 1098
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- Artist(s):
- Edouard Pingret
PRISE D'ALBARE.1098
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- Portrayed subject:
- Banner
- Crusades
- Fortification
- Turkey
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- Date:
- 19th century
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PRISE DE JERUSALEM.15 JUILLET 1099
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- Portrayed subject:
- Architecture
- Bishop
- Crusades
- Jerusalem
- Prayer
- Serviceman
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- Date:
- 19th century
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BAUDOIN II, DIT DU BOURG, ROI DE JERUSALEM (?-1131)
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- Field(s):
- Painting
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- Portrayed subject:
- Baldwin II of Jerusalem
- Crusades
- Man
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- Date:
- 19th century
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