About 70 results for ‘Race (human classification)’
-
Race (human classification)
Race is a classification system used to categorize humans into large and distinct populations or groups by heritable phenotypic characteristics, geographic ancestry, physical appearance, and ethnicity. In the early twentieth century the term was often used, in its taxonomic sense, to denote genetically diverse human populations whose members possessed similar phenotypes. This sense of "race" is still used within forensic anthropology (when analyzing skeletal remains), biomedical research, and race-based medicine. In addition, law enforcement utilizes race in profiling suspects and to reconstruct the faces of unidentified remains. Because in many societies racial groupings correspond closely with patterns of social stratification, for social scientists studying social inequality, race can be a significant variable. As sociological factors, racial categories may in part reflect subjective attributions, self-identities, and social institutions. Accordingly, the racial paradigms employed in different disciplines vary in their emphasis on biological reduction as contrasted with societal construction. While biologists sometimes use the concept of race to make distinctions among fuzzy sets of traits, others in the scientific community suggest that the idea of race is often used in a naive or simplistic way. Among humans, race has no taxonomic significance; all living humans belong to the same hominid subspecies, Homo sapiens sapiens. Social conceptions and groupings of races vary over time, involving folk taxonomies that define essential types of individuals based on perceived traits. Scientists consider biological essentialism obsolete, and generally discourage racial explanations for collective differentiation in both physical and behavioral traits. When people define and talk about a particular conception of race, they create a social reality through which social categorization is achieved. In this sense, races are said to be social constructs. These constructs develop within various legal, economic, and sociopolitical contexts, and may be the effect, rather than the cause, of major social situations. While race is understood to be a social construct by many, most scholars agree that race has real, material effects in housing discrimination, in the legal process, in policing practices, in education, etc. Omi and Winant’s theories of racial formation describe how “race is a concept which signifies and symbolizes social conflicts and interests by referring to different types of human bodies. ” The meanings and implications of “race” are produced and invested in by social institutions as well as through cultural representations. Since Omi and Winant, scholars have elaborated and revised the implications of race as social construction by exploring how the images, ideas and assumptions of race are expressed in everyday life. Angela Davis, Ruth Gilmore, and Imani Perry have traced the relationships between the historical, social production of race in legal and criminal language and their effects on the policing and disproportionate incarceration of people of color. Socioeconomic factors, in combination with early but enduring views of race, have led to considerable suffering within disadvantaged racial groups. Racial discrimination often coincides with racist mindsets, whereby the individuals and ideologies of one group come to perceive the members of an outgroup as both racially defined and morally inferior. As a result, racial groups possessing relatively little power often find themselves excluded or oppressed, while hegemonic individuals and institutions are charged with holding racist attitudes. Racism has led to many instances of tragedy, including slavery and genocide. Scholars continue to debate the degrees to which racial categories are biologically warranted and socially constructed, as well as the extent to which the realities of race must be acknowledged in order for society to comprehend and address racism adequately.
-
TOUSSAINT LOUVERTURE (titre inscrit)
-
- Field(s):
- Ethnology
-
- Portrayed subject:
- Haiti
- Man
- Race (human classification)
- Toussaint Louverture
-
- Date:
- 19th century
-
-
HISTOIRE DE ROBINSON CRUSOE (titre inscrit)
-
- Field(s):
- Ethnology
-
- Portrayed subject:
- Race (human classification)
- Shipwreck (accident)
-
- Date:
- 19th century
-
-
SCENE HORRIBLE DE LA TRAITE DES NEGRES (titre inscrit)
-
- Field(s):
- Ethnology
-
- Portrayed subject:
- Conflagration
- Hut (dwelling)
- Injury
- Man
- Race (human classification)
- Slavery
-
- Date:
- 19th century
-
-
NOTRE DAME / DES ERMITES (titre inscrit, français, allema...
-
- Field(s):
- Ethnology
-
- Portrayed subject:
- Arrow
- Aureola
- Book
- Carmelites
- Child Jesus
- Christian cross
- …
-
- Date:
- 19th century
-
-
-
-
- Field(s):
- Entertainment
- Ethnology
-
- Designation:
- marionnette à gaine
-
- Portrayed subject:
- Hat
- Race (human classification)
- Woman
-
-
-
- Field(s):
- Entertainment
- Ethnology
-
- Designation:
- marionnette à gaine
-
- Portrayed subject:
- Man
- Race (human classification)
- Turban
-
-
-
- Field(s):
- Entertainment
- Ethnology
-
- Designation:
- marionnette à tringle et à fils
-
- Portrayed subject:
- Man
- Race (human classification)
-
- Date:
- 19th century
-
-
-
- Field(s):
- Entertainment
- Ethnology
-
- Designation:
- marionnette à tringle et à fils
-
- Portrayed subject:
- Race (human classification)
- Woman
-
- Date:
- 20th century
-
-
-
- Field(s):
- Entertainment
- Ethnology
-
- Designation:
- marionnette à tringle et à fils
-
- Portrayed subject:
- Man
- Race (human classification)
-
- Date:
- 19th century
-
-
-
- Field(s):
- Entertainment
- Ethnology
-
- Designation:
- marionnette à tringle et à fils
-
- Portrayed subject:
- Man
- Race (human classification)
-
- Date:
- 19th century
-
-
-
- Field(s):
- Entertainment
- Ethnology
-
- Designation:
- marionnette à tringle et à fils
-
- Portrayed subject:
- Man
- Race (human classification)
-
- Date:
- 19th century
-
-
-
- Field(s):
- Entertainment
- Ethnology
-
- Designation:
- marionnette à tringle et à fils
-
- Portrayed subject:
- Race (human classification)
- Woman
-
- Date:
- 19th century
-
-
-
- Field(s):
- Entertainment
- Ethnology
-
- Designation:
- marionnette à tringle et à fils
-
- Portrayed subject:
- Man
- Race (human classification)
-
-
-
- Field(s):
- Entertainment
- Ethnology
-
- Designation:
- marionnette à tringle et à fils
-
- Portrayed subject:
- Man
- Race (human classification)
-
-
-
- Field(s):
- Entertainment
- Ethnology
-
- Designation:
- marionnette à fils
-
- Portrayed subject:
- Man
- Race (human classification)
- Tambourine
-
- Date:
- 19th century
-
-
-
- Field(s):
- Entertainment
- Ethnology
-
- Designation:
- marionnette à transformations
-
- Portrayed subject:
- Death
- Race (human classification)
- Woman
-
- Date:
- 19th century
-
-
-
- Field(s):
- Entertainment
- Ethnology
-
- Designation:
- marionnette à tringle et à fils
-
- Portrayed subject:
- Man
- Race (human classification)
-
-
Fédération des anciens médecins et pharmaciens : programm...
-
- Field(s):
- Drawing
-
- Portrayed subject:
- Child
- Race (human classification)
- Sheet music
- Vegetation
- Woman
-
- Date:
- 20th century
-
-
-
-
-
Portrait de femme : Afrique orientale (Somalie ?) [titre ...
-
- Field(s):
- Drawing
-
- Portrayed subject:
- Race (human classification)
- Somalia
- Woman
-
- Date:
- 20th century
-
-